Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and generating energy in a eukaryotic cell. They perform critical biochemical processes such as ATP-production, ROS, fatty acid synthesis and calcium regulation . The cell coordinates these functions by regulating the fusion and fission of mitochondria. These molecular mechanisms ultimately determine mitochondrial distribution, size, and morphology, which change in response to various genetic factors, cellular cues, stress and disease . Structurally, the mitochondrion consists of a double membrane decorated by proteins. Mitofusin 1, Mitofusin 2 (MFN1, MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) are GTPases that are key regulators of outer and inner mitochondrial membrane fusion . Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is one of the main proteins controlling mitochondrial fission . Mutations in these and other fission and fusion proteins cause early onset neurological disorders that can range in severity. For example, Mfn2 mutations are causal for Charcot-Marie Tooth neuropathy 2A, a disease that preferentially affects axons of peripheral neurons and clinically manifests as muscle weakness . At the cellular level, Mfn2 deficiency prevents mitochondrial fusion and causes fragmentation of neuronal mitochondria .
Mitochondrial function and ATP generation is particularly important in the brain due to the high energetic needs of neurons. Numerous past studies have identified important molecular links between mitochondria and sporadic forms of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . In neurodegeneration, fragmentation is considered one of the morphological hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction and precedes neuronal death. The disease-relevance of specific mitochondrial morphologies has fueled the development of quantitative, image-based assays of mitochondrial dynamics, at scales practical for use in therapeutic screening campaigns.
International Conference on Computer Vision
The International Research Awards on Computer Vision recognize groundbreaking contributions in the field of computer vision, honoring researchers, scientists and innovators whose work has significantly advanced the domain. This prestigious award highlights excellence in fundamental theories, novel algorithms and real-world applications, fostering progress in artificial intelligence, image processing and deep learning.
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