Malocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is defined as dentofacial abnormalities. It is reported that malocclusion not only impacts the patient’s oral health, function and appearance, but also affects the systemic health, social ability, and psychological well-being. With socio-economic development, there is an increasing demand for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment, which is used to correct malocclusion and align the misaligned teeth, is a long-term process that varies from months to years, depending on teeth and occlusal conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to regularly monitor whether the teeth positions meet the treatment expectations during the treatment process. However, certain special circumstances can lead to difficulties in follow-up monitoring. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were unable to have regular follow-up visits, resulting in extended treatment time and poorer results; patients’ personal work and life changes may cause them to leave the treatment location; and the uneven distribution of orthodontic medical resources makes it difficult for patients in low-economic-level areas to seek medical treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a professional, repeatable, easily accessible, low-cost tooth-position recording tool that can cope with special situations.
Traditionally, there are multiple types of tools commonly used to record the position of teeth at different stages of the orthodontic process. Among them are two-dimensional (2D) intra-oral photos and three-dimensional (3D) dental plaster models, intra-oral scans (IOS), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Traditional 3D recording tools can provide detailed and accurate position data of teeth. However, each of them has its own drawbacks. Due to the characteristics of its material, dental plaster model is difficult to preserve properly. It is often damaged or lost because of improper storage or environmental changes, which is extremely unfavorable for the development of retrospective research. With the advancement of digital dentistry, IOS has enhanced the orthodontist’s ability to diagnose and develop treatment plans. This is largely owing to its capacity to efficiently and accurately take model measurements, create digital diagnoses and perform treatment simulations. However, the existence of a learning curve and the high cost of purchasing and managing an intra-oral scanner limit its clinical application. Although CBCT holds significant value in orthodontic treatment, it poses potential radiation risks and cannot be reused in the short term. The above tools need to be operated in specific locations, with complex procedures and high costs, and they cannot meet the requirements of convenience and economy for routine examinations, increasing the time and energy burdens on both doctors and patients.
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