In a global context marked by digital transformation, the IIEP-UNESCO Office for Latin America and the Caribbean held the online seminar The Digital Transformation of Education Policy, bringing together more than 800 participants from around the world. The event addressed the impact of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) on education from a perspective of equity, innovation, and sustainability.
The challenges of digital policies
Access to and use of digital technologies continue to be conditioned by factors such as socioeconomic status, gender, and geographic location. In 2023 there were 244 million more men than women connected to the Internet globally, demonstrating a persistent digital divide, according to the GEM 2024 Report. Moreover, the integration of these technologies in education remains a challenge: even in the most developed countries, only 10% of 15-year-old students use digital devices more than one hour per week in subjects such as math and science.
To move towards more equitable and effective education systems, it is essential that the digital transformation is not limited to the provision of infrastructure, but also includes strategies for governance, accessibility, and teacher training.
A specialist’s perspective
With a focus on the equity of digital transformation, the Head of Office a.i. of IIEP UNESCO, LAC Office, Alejandra Cardini emphasized that "the expansion of AI offers as many possibilities as it does challenges. "Her analysis brought to the forefront the urgency of ensuring that access to cutting-edge technologies does not become a privilege of the few, but a tool to democratize education.
For his part, Fernando Salvatierra, Coordinator of Education and Digital Technologies at IIEP-UNESCO for Latin America and the Caribbean, warned about the gap that exists between paid and free AI models. According to Salvatierra, "a clear example is the difference between advanced AI models and those with free access. Who will be able to access the most sophisticated ones? This could lead to a 'distilled education,' where the quality and depth of learning is compromised.”
However, Julia Sant'Anna, Executive Director of the Innovation Center for Brazilian Education (CIEB), recalled that, in some contexts, traditional technologies are still vital. "Television and radio are also technologies. In many corners of the country and the world, radio is the medium that makes it possible to reach the population. Providing a good education implies attending to both students and teachers, recognizing the diversity of contexts in which these policies are implemented," he pointed out.
"At the end of the day, what we have to provide is a good education to our students, and providing a good education means taking into account them and those who, as teachers, are in contact with them," Julia Sant'Anna, Executive Director of the Brazilian Innovation Center for Education (CIEB).
AI has great potential to transform educational management, but without losing sight of the ethical issues inherent in its application, explained Muriel Poisson, Team Leader of Knowledge Generation and Mobilization, a.i., at IIEP. "Big data analysis and visualization tools provide real-time information, which can guide policy formulation. However, it is critical to ensure equitable and accountable implementation," she said, emphasizing the importance of including civil society in this process.
A comprehensive approach that encompasses not only technological infrastructure, but also human talent and the ability to anticipate is key in these processes. "Our ecosystem needs flexibility to address diverse conditions and adapt to changing realities. Artificial intelligence can amplify the good, but also the bad. We have the opportunity to anticipate the consequences and, if we can have a broad conversation about these issues, we can make better decisions," said Diego Leal, independent consultant.
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